Disintegration – Trauma survivors can find difficulty in expressing and labelling their feelings and needs. They can find themselves experiencing disconnection from their mind, or others, or the world.

Shame guilt and anger -Trauma survivors can feel emotionally overwhelmed and feel high levels of self-blame. They can feel shame and regret for what has happened, repeatedly reflecting on that time with resentment for themselves and others.

Re-enactment of danger cues – Survivors can find themselves reacting to the trauma through behaviour, finding themselves in risky environments. They can find difficulty in assessing situations and find themselves re-victimised in various ways.

Loss of trust – Survivors can feel suspicious and lack trust in others, but also themselves, in making decisions. Loss of trust in self, others and the world.

Physical responses – This can manifest as issues with co-ordination, balance and sensations, developmental delays and/or medical issues. There may also be issues with information processing and problem solving.

Loss of sense of self and self worth – Trauma survivors can experience a conflict of sense of self with feelings of alienation, unlovability and lack of belonging, together with low self-esteem and body image. These feelings often lead to negative expectations for the future and feelings of hopelessness.

Social relationships – Survivors can find maintaining and developing new relationships difficult, with difficulty adapting to others and relating to people’s perspectives.